Uso de resíduos agroindustriais da Amazônia e seus efeitos sobre a qualidade física do solo e a produção de capim Mombaça em Latossolo Amarelo de cerrado amapaense

Abstract

Different types of degradation affect approximately 40% of the world's soils, concomitantly with the scenario of pasture degradation, where in Brazil 50% of pastures are in some stage of degradation. In view of this, it is necessary to promote soil management practices that promote the efficient use of this resource and agricultural sustainability. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of the application (with and without incorporation) of agro-industrial residues from the Amazon on soil physical quality indicators and the production of Mombaça grass, cultivated in Yellow Latosol of Amapá cerrado. The experiment was carried out in an area of the cerrado in the municipality of Porto Grande, the experimental design used was randomized blocks (DBC), arranged in a 5x2 factorial scheme, with four replications. The factors consisted of the control treatment (T0: without application of agroindustrial residues), in addition to four agroindustrial residues (T1: biochar from sawdust powder (Manilkara huberi), T2: biochar from açaí seeds (Euterpe spp.), T3: sawdust powder from Maçaranduba and T4: crushed açaí seeds); and two application modes (I1: without incorporation and I2: with incorporation). A species of grass (Panicum maximum Cv. Mombaça) was used. The variables analyzed were: gravimetric soil moisture, aggregate stability index, weighted average diameter, total soil porosity, soil bulk density, root mass density, clump height, stem diameter, number of tillers, number of dead, senescent and live leaves; leaf/stem ratio, leaf dry mass and stem dry mass. From this research it became evident that the diversification of the management system, through the application (with and without incorporation) of agro-industrial residues, induces improvements in the indicators of soil physical quality, root distribution and productive gain, considering the increase in the production of Mombaça grass biomass.