A Extensão Rural na Amazônia Brasileira (2015-2024): da desestruturação Institucional a reconstrução de modelos agroecológicos sustentáveis.

Abstract

This review article analyzes the trajectory and challenges of Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (ATER) in the Brazilian Amazon, covering the period from 2015 to 2024, marked by the tension between the dismantling of public policies and the emergence of sustainable practices. The study discusses the historical evolution of ATER, from the productivist diffusionism of the 'Green Revolution' to the sustainable rural development proposal of PNATER, highlighting how neoliberal logic resulted in the dismantling of state entities, exemplified by the extinction of EMATER/MA and the financial and logistical weakening of agencies such as RURALTINS (TO), IDAM (AM), and RURAP (AP). The methodology was based on a bibliographic and documentary review of the activities of rural extension in the states of the Legal Amazon. The results show that, despite the persistence of inadequate models of technology transfer and the promotion of monocultures dependent on agrochemicals, there are significant advances driven by social organization and the agroecological transition, with a reduction of chemical inputs in specific areas and the appreciation of traditional knowledge. It is concluded that the consolidation of a public, dialogical, and inclusive technical assistance and rural extension (ATER), which overcomes service discontinuities and integrates young people and women, is an essential condition to ensure food sovereignty and socio-environmental sustainability in the Amazon region.