Análise do uso e cobertura da terra de áreas de reforma agrária em Porto Grande - AP

Abstract

Agrarian reform in Brazil represents one of the main public policies aimed at land redistribution, social inclusion, and rural development, being particularly significant in the Amazon region, where territorial dynamics exhibit complex socioeconomic and environmental characteristics. In the state of Amapá, the municipality of Porto Grande contains several rural settlements that, over the years, have undergone substantial transformations resulting from productive activities, human occupation, and natural processes. Understanding how these areas evolve over time is essential for assessing the effectiveness of governmental actions and supporting sustainable territorial planning. Geotechnologies, especially geoprocessing and remote sensing, play a key role in the spatial analysis of large and hard-to-access areas, enabling the identification of patterns, trends, and landscape changes. Multitemporal analysis of satellite imagery allows monitoring land cover evolution, generating environmental diagnostics, and assisting decision-making regarding management, conservation, and spatial organization of agrarian reform settlements. This study aimed to analyze the temporal evolution of land occupation in four agrarian reform settlements located in Porto Grande over an interval of approximately ten years, using Landsat 8 imagery and digital image processing techniques. The methodology involved selecting scenes with low cloud interference, standardizing datasets, spatially delimiting the areas of interest, and applying specific procedures for interpretation and temporal assessment. The results revealed significant changes in the territorial configuration of the settlements, reflecting both the intensification of productive activities and transformations associated with local human occupation and environmental dynamics. Each settlement presented distinct temporal behavior, demonstrating that factors such as infrastructure, accessibility, environmental characteristics, and socioeconomic processes directly influence territorial evolution. Additionally, it was observed that atmospheric conditions, such as cloud presence, can markedly affect interpretation accuracy, reinforcing the importance of rigorous criteria in image selection. Overall, the findings confirm the relevance of geospatial technologies as scientific tools that support planning and monitoring of agrarian reform areas, contributing to the understanding of spatial transformations and to the development of public policies aimed at sustainable land use. Multitemporal analysis proves essential for tracking changes, identifying potential pressures on natural resources, guiding conservation strategies, and improving territorial management, thereby promoting a balance between agricultural production, environmental preservation, and the well-being of rural communities.