O Papel dos órgãos Ambientais Federais na preservação de animais silvestres ameaçados de extinção, com ênfase em aves

Abstract

Brazil is a country of megadiversity, but it faces wildlife trafficking, the third largest illegal activity in the world. Crime is characterized by the illegal extraction and commercialization of animals, culminating in economic gain, and represents one of the greatest threats to national biodiversity. The main objective was to analyze the scenario of extinction of avifauna resulting from trafficking and the actions implemented by responsible federal agencies, identifying challenges and suggesting strategies to improve conservation. The methodology used was a documentary research of a qualitative and descriptive nature, based on bibliographic review and documentary analysis. The PRISMA Method was adopted for the selection and consolidation of the research corpus. The sources included scientific databases, academic repositories and official documents from IBAMA and ICMBio, resulting in a final corpus of 26 articles and documents. The results confirmed that avifauna is the most impacted taxonomic group, corresponding to approximately 82% of smuggled animals in Brazil. Psittaciformes and Passeriformes are the most targeted groups, including several endangered species and of high value in the illegal market. The official diagnosis, provided by the ICMBio Red Book, classifies 181 species of birds at risk of extinction. In response, IBAMA acts in the supervision and management of the CETAS (Wild Animal Screening Centers) and ASAS (Wild Animal Release Areas) system, having received 75% of birds seized in 2021. However, the effectiveness of the fight is limited by the insufficiency of financial resources and the continuous loss of habitat, the main driving force of the decline of species, requiring improvement of strategies through investment in technology and integration between agencies.