Modelagem matemática do resfriamento de corpos: uma abordagem com equações diferenciais

Abstract

Newton's law of cooling is presented as a mathematical model in the teaching of differential equations in higher education. It states that we can calculate the variation of temperature with respect to time of a given body. This work associates mathematical modeling with differential equations through an experiment using Newton's law. Topics to be covered include: the history of Newton's law of cooling, ordinary differential equations, Newton's law of cooling, mathematical modeling in physical phenomena, demonstration of the law, methodology for application, among others. The purpose of the work is to show the importance of mathematical modeling in the teaching of differential equations, especially the Newton's law presented in the paper. Additionally, some methods for solving ordinary differential equations will be presented, with the aim of demonstrating the importance of mathematics in deducing physical phenomena present in the daily life of an ordinary person.