Potencial produtivo de variedades de mandioca no Amapá

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) originated in the South American lowlands and began to be domesticated approximately 9 thousand years ago. Its cultivation contributes to the food security of families living in rural areas, through the sale of the product and derivatives. In 2022, Brazil produced 17,648,564 tons of cassava, and the state of Amapá produced 119,197 tons. The present study aimed to evaluate the productive potential and agronomic characteristics of cassava varieties cultivated in the central region of the State of Amapá. The experimental design was in randomized blocks (DBC), with 5 treatments and 5 replications, totaling 25 experimental units. The treatments consisted of five cassava varieties: Jurará; BRS Formosa; Manivão; Farias and Araguari. Morphometric data collection was carried out in two ways: nondestructive evaluations every two months from planting and; destructive evaluations at 4, 8 and 12 months. The collected material was sent to the laboratory, where it was subjected to pre-drying in a forced ventilation oven at 55° C, for 72 hours, to determine the dry matter of the cassava plants. In addition, the following were also evaluated: I) Green matter production (t/ha) of the aerial part; II) DM production (t/ha) of the aerial part; III) Green matter productivity of the whole plant in t/ha; IV) DM productivity of the whole plant per ha; V) Tuberous root productivity in t/ha; VI) Tuberous root productivity in DM in t/ha; VII) Average percentage of each morphological component separated in the destructive evaluations; VIII) Quantity, diameter, weight and length of the roots. The behavior of the morphological and agronomic components varied both among the varieties and over time. The Araguari and BRS Formosa varieties stood out in terms of performance for different agronomic components, showing potential for application in different use scenarios. The Faria variety stood out for its higher root production in the 12-month study period. Leaf blade productivity was higher for the BRS Formosa and Faria varieties at 4 months after planting. The Manivão, Faria and Araguari varieties showed higher leaf blade productivity at 8 and 12 months.