Análise dos vazamentos na rede de distribuição de água no município de Santana-AP e seus impactos.

Abstract

This Undergraduate Thesis aims to identify and analyze the main causes of leaks in the water distribution network of the municipality of Santana, Amapá State, Brazil, with a focus on the neighborhoods of Remédios, Provedor, and Hospitalidade. The study is based on technical standards such as NBR 12218:2017 and NBR 5626:2020, as well as theoretical references applied to basic sanitation. The research was conducted as a field study with a quantitative approach, including technical inspections carried out between May and December 2025, photographic records with geolocation, and pressure measurements using a manometer. The pathological manifestations were classified according to criteria established by SABESP (2003), which distinguish visible leaks, detectable non-visible leaks, and non-detectable non-visible leaks. The results were organized into spreadsheets and graphs, allowing the evaluation of the frequency and types of failures identified. Among the predominant causes of leaks are incompatibilities between building service connections and public distribution networks, inadequate pipe installation, use of low-quality materials, lack of preventive maintenance, external factors, and difficulties related to the clayey soil and high moisture conditions characteristic of the Amazon region. The findings reinforce the need for structural improvements, technical training, and the expansion of monitoring actions. The study contributes to the understanding of the factors influencing the performance of the water distribution system in Santana and may support intervention planning by the service provider, as well as encourage future research on hydraulic efficiency in Amazonian municipalities.