A resolução de problemas como metodologia para o ensino de equações diferenciais ordinárias: uma experiência com alunos do Instituto Federal do Amapá

Abstract

This paper aims to apply the Problem-Solving theory as a teaching strategy for teaching ordinary differential equations to undergraduate students in Mathematics and Physics at the Instituto Federal do Amapá. Problem Solving is a fundamental approach for developing the ability to model and solve mathematical problems, thus enhancing the teaching and learning of mathematics. Often, in the classroom, there is an excess of standardized rules and procedures, which do not enhance the stimulation of creativity or autonomy of students. In this context, this paper seeks to contribute to the teaching of differential equations, exploring the application of the Problem Solving theory, focusing on the four steps proposed by George Polya, one of the main theorists on the subject. For this purpose, bibliographical research was carried out, collecting information from the various researchers who address this topic and, as an application, intervention was proposed in the classroom with the participating subjects through the application of the Problem-Solving theory in two problems: the free fall and Simple Harmonic Motion, with modeling by first and second order ordinary differential equations, respectively.