Biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo no camarão Macrobrachium amazonicum: (Heller, 1862) avaliação em uma área de preservação ambiental na Amazônia/Brasil

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities generate a significant amount of pollutants that are released into the environment, often causing ecological disturbances. These pollutants cause biological changes at several levels: molecular, cellular, tissue, organism, populations and communities. Among the xenobionts present in aquatic ecosystems, numerous chemical and organic compounds have an oxidative potential, amplifying the damage caused by reactive oxygen species. In this way, quantification of cellular damage and antioxidant defenses can be used as biomarkers of aquatic contamination. The objective of this research was to use Macrobrachium amazonicum Shrimp as a bioindicator species to verify the oxidative damage caused by the action of xenobiotics in an Environmental Protection Area in the Amazon/Brazil. Among the analyzes evaluated, the physicochemical parameters stand out, such as: pH, temperature, total solids, iron and copper in the water, as well as the non-enzymatic and enzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers: Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARs), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in the hepatopancreas homogenate of shrimps collected in this study. The results indicate that the parameters of pH, temperature, iron and total solids are within the standards established by the current Brazilian legislation, but the levels of copper metal present in the Amazon River influenced the activity of GSH and CAT in the shrimp homogenate. We conclude that oxidative stress parameters can be importante complementary tools in environmental monitoring work, together with other biomarkers already established, helping to understand the effects of contamination on aquatic organisms and providing important information about modulations of cellular defenses.