Bactéria Promotoras de Crescimento Vegetal na Atenuação do Estresse Salino e Déficit Hídrico na Agricultura

Abstract

Challenges related to salt stress and water deficit represent significant obstacles to global agricultural productivity, including in Brazil, where millions of hectares are affected by salt stress and a substantial part of the territory faces threats of water deficit. Faced with these challenges, it is crucial to investigate mitigation strategies. In this context, plant growth-promoting bacteria emerge as potential agents, playing a crucial role in promoting plant resistance to these environmental stresses. Understanding how these bacteria can contribute to overcoming salt stress and water deficit is vital for the introduction of sustainable and rigorous agricultural practices. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (BPCV) help in plant growth through direct methods, assisting in the acquisition of nitrogen, phosphorus and essential minerals, modulating plant hormone levels and through indirect methods, causing the inhibitory effects of various pathogens there is no growth and development of plants in the forms of biocontrol agents. A comprehensive bibliographic review was carried out, exploring articles and books in scientific databases. The information was organized in a synoptic table to carry out a critical and systematic analysis of the data, identifying patterns and trends about BPCV in contexts of saline stress and water deficit. Given the extensive literature reviewed, it is highlighted that plant growth-promoting bacteria (BPCV) present effective mechanisms to mitigate the challenges of saline stress and water deficit in agriculture. BPCV, such as Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus sp., and other halotolerants, increased the ability to solubilize phosphorus, synthesize phytohormones, produce exopolysaccharides and biofilms, promoting root growth and increasing plant resistance. The solubilization of nutrients, in particular, stands out as a significant contribution, making them more available to plants. These findings highlight the potential of BPCV as sustainable strategies to address environmental challenges in agriculture. Investing in research and agricultural practices that promote the symbiosis between plants and BPCV is fundamental for agricultural sustainability, offering viable alternatives in a scenario of climate change and growing demands for food.