Caracterização morfológica e química de solo sob vegetação nativa e consórcio (açaí x mandioca) e indicação de manejo sustentável para o cerrado amapaense.

Abstract

The morphological and chemical characteristics of Amapá soils are diverse due to the vast geographic extension of the region. Soils vary in texture, color, structure and chemical composition. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the morphological and chemical attributes of soil profiles under conditions of natural vegetation (forest) and intercropping (açaí x cassava), as well as to indicate sustainable management perspectives for the Amapá cerrado. To evaluate the morphology and classification of soil profiles, two trenches were opened semi-mechanizedly, one for A1: native vegetation area (forest) and the other for A2: intercropping area (açaí x cassava). The morphological description of the soil profiles was carried out through the evaluation of their anatomical and environmental characteristics; and the physical and chemical attributes were determined with the purpose of classifying the soils up to the fourth categorical level. The areas had very deep, well-drained soils, friable when wet and hard to extremely hard when dry, with a color ranging from dark brown to strong brown in 10YR hues. The A horizon is of moderate type A, with a thickness of around 17 to 23 cm and the Bw horizon with a thickness of more than 200 cm. The soil in both areas showed high acidity and low levels of P, K+ and Mg2+, and zero values for the element Ca2+. The soil in both areas has a sandy surface layer, therefore, some practical management indications that can be adopted are the correction of acidity and nutritional deficiency in the soil, in addition to the incorporation and maintenance of organic matter in the soil, with the use of intercropped crops, mainly with forage legumes and pastures.