A incidências dos casos de dengue no município do Laranjal do Jari, Amapá, Brasil (2014-2024)

Abstract

This report presents a case study carried out in the municipality of Laranjal do Jari-AP, based on the incidence levels of dengue cases in the municipality between 2014 and 2024, using data from DATASUS as a basis to verify the incidence of dengue cases, which is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family and transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and is classified as an arbovirus. In Brazil, dengue remains a public health priority, with millions of cases reported annually, significantly impacting morbidity, mortality and generating high economic costs. The analysis of dengue cases in the municipality of Laranjal do Jari, based on DATASUS data from 2014 to 2024, revealed an overview of the evolution of the disease in the region over the last decade. The incidence remains high, with a slight reduction in the number of cases: in 2014, 845 cases were recorded, while in 2024 the number dropped to 747. This high rate of cases can be attributed to local climate conditions, with heavy rains and high temperatures that favor the proliferation of the Aedes aegypti mosquito, in addition to the characteristics of the municipality, which is largely composed of stilt houses, where there is an accumulation of stagnant water that is conducive to breeding sites. In view of this, it is important to have continuous monitoring and strategic interventions to reduce the incidence of the disease. Prioritizing preventive actions in more vulnerable populations and periods, combined with effective epidemiological surveillance management, is essential to control the spread of dengue in the municipality. The data revealed that the age groups of adults of working age and the elderly are the most impacted by dengue, with a predominance of females at older ages. These patterns point to the need for specific interventions for different groups, with an emphasis on protecting economically active and vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and women.

In addition, the low incidence in children suggests that effective prevention strategies for this population should be maintained. To control dengue, the municipality has implemented measures such as educational campaigns, breeding site elimination programs, fumigation and, more recently, the introduction of vaccines. However, the continuity and reinforcement of these actions are essential to reduce the incidence more significantly.