Screening fitoquímico da espécie Protium Trifoliolatum Engl. coletada na comunidade de Rio Camarão Tuba, Chaves-PA

Abstract

Medicinal plants have been used by humanity for thousands of years for countless purposes, such as medicinal purposes. Among the numerous species used for medicinal purposes is Protium trifoliolatum, which is popularly known as "Breu Branco" and is used by the Camarão Tuba community in Chaves-PA for treating gastric problems by preparing teas from the bark, leaves, and roots of the species. The present work aims to identify the classes of substances present in the ethanolic extract of the bark of P. trifoliolatum, collected in the Camarão Tuba community in the municipality of Chaves-PA. Species belonging to the Burseraceae family possess in their chemical composition, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, and flavonoids. One of the species belonging to this family is Protium trifoliolatum, which has various uses and benefits both in food and traditional medicine. The research was developed with the identification.of the species in the herbarium of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, followed by the collection of the bark from the stem, drying, and grinding. The dry and crushed material was macerated in ethyl alcohol and subsequently concentrated in a rotary evaporator, obtaining 29.2909 g of extract. From then on, the phytochemical screening began, using an ethanolic solution of the extract, in which tests were performed to confirm the presence of tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, and coumarins, in order to identify the classes of substances present and analyze the chemical properties of the botanical material. The results were positive for the presence of condensed tannins, flavonoids, triterpenes, and alkaloids, which is consistent with the chemical composition of the Burseraceae family and the Protium genus. The research achieved its respective objectives, with the application of specific phytochemical tests using the ethanolic extract of the bark from the stem, from which the presence of the classes was confirmed mentioned substances. It is worth mentioning that this is the first time that tannins and alkaloids have been reported for the species.