Diversidade florística da regeneração natural em área submetida ao Manejo Florestal Sustentável de Laranjal do Jari-AP e Mazagão-AP

Abstract

This study analyzed the floristic composition and diversity of natural regeneration in areas under sustainable forest management in the municipalities of Laranjal do Jari/AP and Mazagão/AP in 2022. Natural regeneration is an essential indicator of forest management sustainability, as it reflects the forest's capacity to restore its structure and diversity following logging activities. For the analysis, data from the managed areas were used, including the identification of regenerating forest species and the calculation of the Shannon-Wiener (H’), Simpson (C’), and Pielou evenness (J’) diversity indices. In Laranjal do Jari/AP, the sapling layer consisted of 41 individuals, with values of H’ = 2.7810, C = 0.0767, and J’ = 0.9283, indicating high evenness and low dominance. The seedling layer totaled 126 individuals, with a predominance of species from the Protium genus, showing H’ = 2.7108, C = 0.0955, and J’ = 0.8320, which evidences high diversity and an active regeneration process. Among the timber species of interest, Vouacapoua americana (Acapú) and representatives of the Burseraceae and Sapotaceae families stood out, showing active regeneration and potential for future replacement. In the municipality of Mazagão/AP, a higher floristic richness was observed, with 188 individuals, associated with high diversity values (H’ = 4.2716), low dominance (C = 0.0956), and high evenness (J’ = 0.9256), characterizing a highly structured and resilient plant community. Species of economic interest, such as Pouteria sp. and Virola surinamensis, were recorded with balanced regeneration. The results demonstrate that the evaluated areas present natural regeneration consistent with forests in intermediate to advanced stages of recovery, with a balanced distribution of individuals among species and the potential to sustain future cutting cycles. It is concluded that the adopted sustainable forest management does not compromise natural regeneration processes, reinforcing the importance of continuous monitoring and periodic forest inventories to maintain ecological sustainability in the State of Amapá.