Estrutura e diversidade da vegetação em uma área de cascalheira em 12 anos de recuperação

Abstract

A gravel pit is an area of extraction or deposit of gravel used as a source of material for infrastructure works (RIBEIRO, 2020). This study aims to analyze the structure and diversity of vegetation in a gravel pit undergoing recovery for 12 years, located in Monte Dourado, Almeirim–PA. The research seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of reforestation and soil management techniques implemented in 2013, which employed native species such as Clitoria fairchildiana (sombreiro), Sclerolobium paniculatum (tachi), Inga thibaudiana (ingá), and Inga edulis (ingá-cipó). The study is framed within the context of environmental degradation resulting from gravel extraction, which exposes the soil, intensifies erosive processes, and compromises the integrity of the local ecosystem. The rationale emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring of ecological recovery, as well as identifying the functional role of native species in forest regeneration, potentially contributing to the promotion of public policies and the strengthening of environmental awareness. The adopted methodology includes conducting a floristic inventory and soil analysis under different experimental treatments, involving combinations of distinct silvicultural practices and varying amounts of organic matter. Phytosociological and diversity indices, such as the Shannon index, were calculated. The study demonstrates significant advances in vegetation recovery and local biodiversity, as well as the emergence of some native forest species and improvements in soil properties. The results may contribute to strengthening the scientific basis for ecological restoration and support the development of sustainable practices and specific environmental policies for areas impacted by mining