Uso de geoprocessamento para identificação de áreas adequadas para destinação de resíduos sólidos da construção civil no município de Macapá/AP

Abstract

The inadequate management of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) represents a critical challenge for the municipality of Macapá-AP, marked by irregular disposal in environmentally sensitive areas, such as floodplains, and by a lack of licensed sites for final disposal. This work aimed to identify and map the areas with the greatest locational suitability for the implementation of an inert waste landfill (Class A) in the municipality, employing Geoprocessing and Multicriteria Analysis techniques. The methodology was developed in a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment, using QGIS software. The approach integrated Boolean logic, for the exclusion of areas with legal and physical restrictions, such as Conservation Units and Permanent Preservation Areas, and Fuzzy logic, for grading the suitability of the remaining areas. Seven determining criteria were analyzed: hydrography, floodable areas, conservation units, slope, soil type, road infrastructure, and distance from population centers. The weighting of factors, via Weighted Linear Combination, assigned greater weight to water protection and soil type, considering the specificities of the estuarine environment. The results demonstrated that the dense hydrographic network and floodplain zones make approximately 60% of the territory unsuitable. However, areas of high suitability were identified, concentrated in the interfluves of the North and West sectors. These areas stand out for the favorable convergence of all the analyzed criteria: they present deep Latosols and gentle slopes, are located outside flood-prone areas and Conservation Units, respect safe distances from the hydrographic network and population centers, and have strategic proximity to the BR-210, BR-156, and AP-070 highways. It is concluded that Macapá has viable territorial availability for the project, provided that the mapped environmental conditions are respected.