Impactos ambientais e recuperação de áreas degradadas em mineração: estudo preliminar aplicado a empreendimentos de mineração

Abstract

Small-scale mining focused on the extraction of construction aggregate minerals plays a significant role in the Brazilian economy, especially in inland regions with limited industrial development. However, this activity is also marked by considerable environmental impacts, such as soil degradation, water contamination, loss of native vegetation, and biodiversity reduction. This Final Course Paper aimed to analyze the main environmental impacts caused by construction aggregate mining and to identify effective strategies for the recovery of degraded areas, particularly in small-scale enterprises. A qualitative and descriptive research approach was adopted, based on a literature and document review, including environmental laws, technical manuals, and scientific articles. The results indicate that, although the preparation of a Recovery Plan for Degraded Areas (PRAD) is legally required, many small mining operations still operate outside legal compliance, worsening environmental liabilities. Among the most effective recovery techniques are the use of topsoil, revegetation with native species, topographic reconfiguration, and the use of geotechnologies for monitoring. The study concludes that achieving sustainable mining requires the integration of technical measures, updated environmental policies and legislation, and active social participation. When properly planned from the outset, mining activities can not only reduce environmental damage but also promote the productive and ecological rehabilitation of degraded areas. This research highlights the importance of environmental governance and transparency, especially in small-scale mining projects, where cumulative impacts can be significant.