Mapeamento populacional da Mosca da Carambola em Espécies Frutíferas Tropicais e Amazônicas

Abstract

Fruit growing in Brazil is internationally recognized for its diversity of fruit trees and its production volume, due to the vast area available for cultivation and the diverse favorable soil and climate conditions. Amapá stands out as a promising region for the development of fruit growing, driven by favorable climatic characteristics and numerous native Amazonian species. However, the presence of the carambola fly (Bactrocera carambolae) significantly affects fruit growing in the State of Amapá, as it is considered a pest that attacks several fruit trees, including: acerola, mango, ingá, carambola, orange, cashew, plum, tangerine , abiu, guava, chili pepper among others. Therefore, the objective was to verify a pattern of occurrence and monitor the incidence of the star fruit fly, through the preparation of population fluctuation maps in the municipality of Porto Grande. To monitor the pest in Porto Grande, it was subdivided into five sub-areas where the Jackson and Macphail traps were installed to subsequently carry out the diagnosis every 15 days on average. The highest number of captures of male flies occurred in the months of February, March and May, with 49, 52 and 65 captures, and of female flies, in the months of May, October and November with 113, 229 and 82 respectively, indicating a peak population during these periods. The seasonality of fruit availability from host plants, such as Mangifera indica (mango), Syzygium jambos (jambo), Averrhoa carambola (carambola) and Psidium guajava (guava), was associated with the observed population peaks. Using technological tools, such as Kernel statistics, was essential for analyzing spatial patterns of specific events, especially effective in evaluating the density of a given population. The ArcQgis software made it possible to visualize the population patterns of the star fruit fly throughout the year in tropical and Amazonian fruit trees in the municipality of Porto Grande, Amapá. The occurrence pattern of carambola nutmeg is directly related to the greater availability of fruits from tropical and Amazonian host species throughout the year, regardless of climatic variations.