A permanência estudantil como estratégia para combater a evasão universitária nos cursos de graduação

Abstract

The student permanence actions are those that aim to ensure the social right to education instituted by the student assistance policy, with pedagogical, multidisciplinary, material, and financial support. Thus, they are one of the decisive factors for the permanence of the students in the institution and the successful conclusion of the course. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze, through an integrative literature review, the actions favoring the permanence of undergraduate students. For that, a search of references was carried out in the databases of CAPES Periodicals and Google Scholar in the last five years (2017 to 2021), using the keywords “higher education”, “student permanence” and “PNAES”. The search allowed the identification of forty-one scientific productions that fit the established criteria. From the data analysis, it was possible to verify that 49% of the articles talked about financial and material support, 29.30% about pedagogical support, 19.50% about digital support, 19.50% about research and extension, 17.10% on health care (psychosocial support), 17.10% on symbolic support, 12.20% on multiprofesssional support, 7.3% on inclusion and accessibility, 7.3% on multidisciplinary tools and 7.3% on physical structure. Finally, it was possible to conclude that there are actions that favor student permanence, however, income transfer actions are the most prominent by higher education institutions, hiding from the other forms of interdisciplinary support and interventional actions that contribute to minimizing university dropout. Then, it is also necessary to promote actions aimed at the symbolic and affliation, cultural, psychological, and pedagogical difficulties of the students, thus having more equity in the actions, which need to be developed in an integrated manner by the multidisciplinary teams of the Student Assistance and other sectors of the institution.