Análise morfométrica de peixe (Cichlidae) de rios de águas claras associado a impactos ambientais de fragmentos de plástico no município de Laranjal do Jari (AP)

Abstract

Fishing activity is seen as a great potential for driving the economic cycle. With minimal conditions for its exploration, it becomes an important source of income, job creation, and food for populations. Brazil has a National Policy for the Sustainable Development of Aquaculture and Fisheries, which regulates fishing activities. This policy was created by Law No. 11.959 of June 29, 2009, which repealed Law No. 7.679/1988. With more recent cultural references, some fish are named after football teams due to the colors of the fish (and people's passion for the sport). Brachyplatystoma juruense is an example of this: in Peru, it is called "alianza," and in Brazil, it is known as "flamengo." Even in countries that speak the same language, such as Spanish-speaking countries, the names of fish change according to the regions. In this context, fish morphometric studies help to prove the impacts of plastic on the fish trophic chain. It is possible, through analyses of morphometric indices (weight and biometric lengths), to verify that studies have already found a positive correlation between the standard length of fish and the number of particles found in their gastrointestinal tracts. Morphometric analysis of fish in anthropized environments of clear-water rivers in Laranjal do Jari will be conducted, associating the fish's biometrics with the percentage of macro and microplastics in the stomach and intestines. The study area corresponds to the banks of the Jari River, considered a clear water river, which flows through the municipality of Laranjal do Jari, where artisanal fishing aimed at the consumption and sale of these species occurs. In these environments, 45 specimens of different fish species, ubiquitous in the region, will be collected for biometric and morphometric analysis. For the objectives of this research, 45 fish specimens were collected, belonging to the ethno-species Aracu, Pacu, Red Piranha, Flexeira, Acará, Carrau, Jundiá, Uéua, Mandubé, Peixe Cachorro, Sardinha Papuda, and Matrixã, which presented different morphometric data, considering the total collected for the morphometric description of the communities and morphometric description by species collected. This work presents the main impacts caused by the improper disposal of domestic solid waste, not only by residents but also by the responsible agencies for waste collection, in addition to highlighting the difficulties faced by everyone in this daily struggle.