Como encontrar um eclipse ontem, amanhã e hoje? uma sequência didática no ensino de astronomia visando promover alfabetização científica

Abstract

Astronomy teaching faces numerous challenges, especially in the Brazilian educational context. In addition to teacher training, textbooks with conceptual errors, lack of infrastructure, limited pedagogical resources, and curricular issues also represent a significant obstacle to the teaching of Astronomy. Given this, the question that guides this research is the following: what are the contributions of the didactic sequence “how to find an eclipse yesterday, tomorrow, and today?” to the promotion of scientific literacy in the teaching of Astronomy? Therefore, the main objective of this research is to investigate how this didactic sequence can promote students' scientific literacy by addressing a specific astronomical topic, such as eclipses. In addition, we intend to analyze how this approach can broaden the understanding of astronomical concepts and encourage critical and investigative thinking, overcoming the challenges of teaching Astronomy in the Brazilian educational context. Thus, considering the approach adopted to analyze the problem, this study presents typical features of a qualitative research and regarding the technical procedures, it is a participatory research. The teaching approach employed used the Three Pedagogical Moments (3 MP), with the use of a diagnostic questionnaire with open questions, the website of the Digital Newspaper Library of the National Library (HDBN) so that students could cover the Brazilian media coverage of the 1919 eclipse, and the use of new technologies/applications that employ indirect observation methods of eclipses. The inclusion of practical activities, combined with the use of technology and the encouragement of autonomy, reinforced active learning and provided a dynamic and collaborative environment. The learning process was enriching, stimulating scientific attitudes with an interdisciplinary approach that combined history, science, technology and investigative practice, which favors the development of Scientific Literacy.